Distributive Justice and Organ Transplants Essay - 1181 Words

Throughout history physicians have faced numerous ethical dilemmas and as medical knowledge and technology have increased so has the number of these dilemmas. Organ transplants are a subject that many individuals do not think about until they or a family member face the possibility of requiring one. Within clinical ethics the subject of organ transplants and the extent to which an individual should go to obtain one remains highly contentious. Should individuals be allowed to advertise or pay for organs? Society today allows those who can afford to pay for services the ability to obtain whatever they need or want while those who cannot afford to pay do without. By allowing individuals to shop for organs the medical profession’s ethical†¦show more content†¦Spicer (2008) links distributive justice and resource allocation by proposing four possible approaches to establish divergent criteria, they are: democratic means, age based, personal responsibility based, and c ost utility. The Allocation of Scarce Resources Innovative advances in the practice of medicine have increased the life span of the average American. This along with the growing population in the United States and has created a shortfall in the number of organs available for transplant today. The current system of allocation used to obtain organs for transplant faces difficulty because of two primary reasons according to Moon (2002). The two perceptions that stop potential organs donors are that the allocation criteria is unfair and favors certain members of society and/or that organs may be allocated to someone who has destroyed their organs by misuse (Moon, 2002). Many individuals decline to donate organs because anyone requiring an organ transplant is placed on a waiting list and it is possible that individuals who have destroyed their organs by their own actions or convicted criminals could receive donated organs before someone whose organs are failing through no fault of their own and positively contribute to society. Wh en a celebrity or wealthy individual requires a transplant they are often viewed as jumping the waitlist butShow MoreRelatedDetermining Who Should Receive An Organ Transplant Can1666 Words   |  7 PagesDetermining who should receive an organ transplant can be a tricky and difficult task. According to the UNOS, the company that maintains the organ transplant list, there are various factors that are under consideration when an organ is available. Things like blood type, tissue type, medical urgency, and proximity to the donor are all taken into consideration; factors like age, income, or racial/ethnic background are not even taken into consideration. Furthermore, the transplant list is more like a pool thanRead MoreThe Organ Of Organ Transplantation1426 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant issues concerning organ transplantation revolves around the just and fair distribution of organs. Due to the assorted and occasionally conflicting opinions of what constitutes as ‘fair’ , in concurrence with a relative shortage of donated organs, many social, legal and ethical contentions have arisen. This shortage is portrayed by statistics shown on the NHS organ donation page, where approximately 10,000 people are on the waiting list for a solid organ transplant and approximately 1,000 peopleRead MoreEssay about Organ Transplantation and Ethical Considerations2773 Words   |  12 PagesOrgan Transplantation and Ethical Considerations In February 2003, 17-year-old Jesica Santillan received a heart-lung transplant at Duke University Hospital that went badly awry because, by mistake, doctors used donor organs from a patient with a different blood type. The botched operation and subsequent unsuccessful retransplant opened a discussion in the media, in internet chat rooms, and in ethicists circles regarding how we, in the United States, allocate the scarce commodity of organsRead MoreJohn Q: an Ethical Analys and Review3010 Words   |  13 Pagesprovides a model for the analysis and demonstration of ethical principles of distributive justice as they pertain to healthcare and, more specifically, organ allocation in the face of scarcity. The film portrays the shortcomings of a managed care system as well as the pitfalls of a libertarian approach to allocation. Here discussed are the ethical approaches of Eglitarianism, Prioritarianisn, Utilitarianism, and Libertarianism to organ allocation as they pertain to the film a s well as the situational changeRead MoreThe Transplantation Of Tissue By Dr. Harold Neuhof928 Words   |  4 PagesI am a firm believer in organ donation, and as a matter of fact I’m a card carrying organ donor. It is my personal belief that every deceased or brain dead person that has the potential to save a life though donating an organ should have the opportunity. After reading this weeks assigned reading my belief in the organ donation process has grown even stronger. Early examples of tissue transplants can be dated back to 2500CE by Hundu text (Howard, Cornell, and Cochran, 2012). Fast forward a coupleRead MoreOrgan And Organ Of Organ Transplantation2652 Words   |  11 Pagescentury, organ transplantation provides a way of giving the gift of life to patients with terminal failure of vital organs. Organ transplantation requires the participation of both fellow human beings and of society by donating organs from deceased or living individuals. The ever increasing rate of organ failure and the inadequate supply of organs have created a significant gap between organ supply and organ demand. This gap has resulted in extremely lengthy waiting times to receive an organ as wellRead MoreEssay on Organ Donation1638 Words   |  7 Pagescurrent process of procuring organs for transplantation. It will also explore technology on the horizon and alternates to donation. The waiting list for transplant surgery far exceeds the current supply. Black Market organ trade in this, as well in foreign countries is alive and well. Donation is not able to keep up with demand. We have to take measures to ensure those in the most need are taken care of. We already allow people to sell eggs, sperm and blood why not other organs? I will attempt to showRead MoreHealthcare Business: The Legality of Introducing a New Structure for Organ Donation2843 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Title of paper: Healthcare Business Legality Introducing a new structure for organ donation Students name: Course name and number: Instructors name: Date submitted: January 23rd, 2012 Introduction The legal and ethical business practices that are maintained to be the standardized rules in primary industries are also critical for the successful, legal and ethical execution in the healthcare industry so that the patients can choose the right healthcare provider and structure. To furtherRead MoreWaiting Periods For Organ Donation2493 Words   |  10 PagesWaiting periods for organ donation are mostly due to organ shortage. There are not many people donating organs to healthcare facilities and the once that do probably have defective organs that cannot be used by other people (Cameron, 2013). Organs obtained from cadavers are also mostly defective and therefore are not suitable for use by other people. According to research, organ waiting periods for organ donation are increasing every year. As the prevalence of certain diseases increase, many patientsRead MoreOrgan Transplantation : Medical Advancements1104 Words   |  5 PagesDanica Smith Final Paper Outline Organ Transplantation Due to the increase in medical technology over the years, medical advancements, such as organ transplants, have grown in commonality. This has increased the number of patient who needs such care. The problem with organ transplants arises from the debate on the ethical way to distribute organs and how to combat the issue of a lack of organ donors. An ethical approach to solving these issues is to develop a system of equal access that relies

Improving The Racial Climate On Campus - 904 Words

â€Å"On November 2nd, a coalition of students called Next Yale marched on University President Peter Salovey’s house to submit a list of measures the administration should take to improve the racial climate on campus, including an ethnic studies distributional requirement for all Yale undergraduates† (Victor, 2015). A majority of the students at Yale University voted in favor of making ethnic studies a requirement for undergraduates. In Arizona, around July, legislators decided to prohibit students from taking a Mexican-American ethnic studies class because they believed the class would promote ethnic solidarity instead of promoting the treatment of the people as individuals. In today’s society, most people view bilingual education, a form of schooling in which content and instructions is presented to students in two or more languages, mostly English and Spanish in New York City as more influential and as a need for Latino students’ education. Ethnic Studies education includes courses and/or programs that are focus on the knowledge and perceptions of an ethnic or racial group. These courses tend to have a curriculum that is mainly for students who come from certain ethnic groups, but not limited to those students. There is controversy because some believe that Ethnic Studies has no influence on personal educational achievement. Therefore, the course becomes more of a choice for Latino students’ education. Most people would argue that an ethnic studies course is not necessarilyShow MoreRelatedMicroaggressions and Racism1729 Words   |  7 Pagestypically associated with being a hate crime. Racial microaggressions are a type of percei ved racism. They are more subtle and ambiguous than the more hostile or overt expressions of racism, such as racial discrimination (CITE). Microaggressions are everyday verbal, visual, or environmental hostilities, slights, insults, and invalidations or mistreatment that occurs due to an individual’s race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation etc. (CITE). The concept of racial microaggressions has been around sinceRead MoreThe Problem Of African American Educational Achievement951 Words   |  4 Pagesstereotypical expectations and if one disappoints the expectations, they can suffer more disciplinary measures than their counterparts. The Critical Race Theory (CRT) by Derrick J. Bell is used as the framework, as it provides a critical analysis of race and racial identity within particular spaces, in this case the collegiate environment. The critical race theory foregrounds race and racism in research as well as challenge the common paradigms on race, gender, and class by showing how these social constructsRead MoreAnalysis Of My White Privilege On The Lgbtq Community Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pagesthat as a white, gay man, I hold disproportionate influence. I understand that the factors of race and sexuality have held a considerable impact on my life and my experiences as a member of both the white and LGBTQ communities. Though I understand my racial advantage as a gay person, I do not feel shameful; instead, I feel a responsibility to further the condition of intersectional equality. An analysis of my white privilege in the LGBTQ community should begin with my childhood. As a white gay personRead MoreThe Role Of Spiritual Development On College Students Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagescollege environment. Similarly Bryant (2007) points out that students who are more involved on campus and participate in a variety of programs have a better chance to develop cognitively, personally, and interpersonally. Schubmehl (2009) conducted an experiment to see the effect of spirituality and campus ministry involvement on academic accomplishment. He believed that the more students were involved in the campus ministry activities and scored higher on the Index of Core Spiritual Experiences (INSPIEIT)Read MoreClassroom Climate Of The Graph Show Hostility Or Distress Regarding The Caste Identities1965 Words   |  8 Pagesidentities of student are prominent on the campus. The last grid of the graph presents the most sensitive aspect of the campus climate. Around 39 (frequently and sometimes) respondents shared that they â€Å"had tense, somewhat hostile, uncomfortable interactions†. The number is staggeringly high and it also indicates a greater concern about environment on SPPU campus. On the basis of these numbers, it is evident that caste issues are a significant concern of the campus climate and it can be interpreted that theRead MoreThe Economic Importance of Cultural Diversity1135 Wo rds   |  5 Pagesstudent. On campus the racial segregation/climate is very wide, you can find people from all over the world. This is sometimes good because it gives the institution an international feel to it, but for the students that are minority, this is something that cause then a lot of stress. According to Saenz (2010), â€Å"Racially diverse institutions of higher education have the potential to weaken the cycle of segregation that permeates society, being a rare opportunity for students to engage across racial/ethnicRead MoreThe Benefits of a Gender-Neutral Housing Facility1364 Words   |  5 Pagesefforts to diversify. This will help the university in improving its national prestige as well as improving its rankings in the National publications. In the past few years a lot of efforts have been made by the University to minimize and remove the stereotypes that are associated with the university as well as the state, therefore, the establishment of gender-neutral housin g will further work to help the university in achieving its goal of improving the image and rating of the university in the eyesRead MoreEssay about Race Relations2533 Words   |  11 PagesHumanity has been enduring an ongoing battle for centuries: the strained relations among the races. Despite efforts to put the past behind, signs remain at nearly every juncture that there still exists a strong sense of racial dissension. While many Caucasians do not see the problem being as severe as it is represented, African-Americans angrily reply that the lighter skinned race has not had to endure such prejudice and, therefore, cannot begin to identify with the situation. Frank Newport, viceRead MoreThang EDU 518 Topical Ref List3201 Words   |  13 Pagesethnicity on achievement. However, these constructs are often intertwined. The greatest source for combatting the achievement gap are teachers high in self-efficacy, strong and well directed principal leadership, having a positive and a ccepting racial climate, smaller class sizes, less harsh discipline with more support to reduce bad behavior, and better communication between parents and the school. Most authors agree, making education more meaningful and purposeful to the students would increaseRead More Universities Must Continue with the Race-sensitive Admissions Process3209 Words   |  13 Pagesstop talking about race. These types of arguments are a disservice to both sides. As tensions surrounding race-sensitive admissions continue to grow, proponents of eliminating race-based policies are gaining momentum. A conservative political climate, as seen in the mandates for race neutrality in California and Washington and a recent court decision (Hopwood v. State of Texas), which significantly limits the use of race as criteria for admissions in three states, fuel this charge. Although race

Ralph Waldo Emerson selfreliance Essay Example For Students

Ralph Waldo Emerson selfreliance Essay The piece we were assigned to was a part of an essay Emerson did on self-relianceHe starts out by explaining that whether or not we act as individuals all depends on asking ourselves how much self-trust we have, or how much confidence we have in ourselves. When you really think about it, individuality is honestly not something we desire to subject ourselves to, because being an individual can lead to other people not accepting you, hating you, or accusing you of being self-righteous, disrespectful, a rebel, a freak, and so on. So why would anyone want to be an individual if it brings on all of that? Emerson believes that if youre even the least bit independent, then theres beauty, even in ordinary, commonplace things Thats because letting yourself be an individual is the essence of genius, goodness, and life force that time, space, nature, our souls, EVERTHING all has in common. He goes on describing the things that make you YOU, like your intuition and instinct, and how we betray our own principles to go along with what others say and act, because we have no confidence in ourselves, and therefore, no self-reliance. I think a large part of what hes talking about is about religion. When we think of truth of the soul and virtue and life, it all comes down to what you see as the truth, which is faith, and faith is religion. Hes saying that we dont have enough self-reliance when it comes to religion. In other words, we follow the Christian or Buddhist or Muslim or Jewish or other path like sheep, our minds are like sponges that soak up so much of what views of what is right, according to society. He means that we often surrender to the things that are being shoved down our throats, so we have no room to trust ourselves. He says we lie in the lap of extreme intelligence and truth, but we deny ourselves of that because we have no self-reliance. This doesnt just apply to religion theres also being an individual when it comes to your education, the way you live your life and basically everything you do. People that arent individuals surrender to laws and names and large groups of people and dead institutions in order to fit in with whats popular, or get money, or simply because were too intimidated to stand up for what we really feel is right. Basically, youre a sell-out, and as long as you stay a sell-out, well always feel lonely in our souls, unfulfilled, and feel totally separate from one another, because we suppress whats really inside us. Theres a quote by Emerson that brings it all down perfectly. He says that mans failure to see light is caused by standing in his own shadow. Bibliography:Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Self Reliance. Adventures in American Literature: Pegasus Edition. Ed. Bernard Brodsky. Orlando: Harcourt, 1989. 221

Suggestopedia Essay Example

Suggestopedia Essay It is also known as desuggestopedia. It was developed by the Bulgarian psychiatrist-educator Georgi Lozanov. It is a specific set of learner recommendations. Among the subliminal influences the fears of the learners that they will be unable to perform and are limited in terms of their ability to learn is the main issue Suggestopedia deals with. It is believed that due to those fears and some other possible negative effects such as the physical effects of the learning environment, learners’ minds cannot process and retain information at the maximum efficiency. This also leads to a lack of confidence and creativity. Thus it is significant to send all kinds of negative effects off the students’ internal environment (the self) and external environment (the classroom) through â€Å"desuggestion† by creating a learning atmosphere where all messages have a positive emotional content. In addition to this the memory banks of the learners should be filled with pleasant memories through â€Å"suggestion†. It is believed that if this was done, the learners would be able to overcome the barriers to learning and use their maximum potential capacity, which means retention and recall of what has been learnt in the long term. Characteristics Decoration of the classroom Furniture Arrangement of the classroom Use of music Authoritative behavior of the teacher Memorization in learning by their method seems to be accelerated 25 times over any other conventional method. Some techniques have been borrowed from raja yoga, from soviet psychology Lozanov started to think that any student can be taught a given subject matter at the same level. He says it is not important if students studies or not outside the classroom. Music functions Music has three functions: 1- To facilitate the establishment and maintenance of personal relations 2- We will write a custom essay sample on Suggestopedia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Suggestopedia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Suggestopedia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To bring about increased self-esteem through increased self-satisfaction in musical performance 3- To use the unique potential of rhythm to energize and bring order. Theory of language and learning It does not exactly have a theory of language. He does not care about language elements or organization. He sometimes refers to texts and directs the duggestopedic to acts of communication. He calls language as â€Å"the material†. Authority It suggests that people will remember better if the information comes from an authoritative source. Infantilization Authority implies that teacher-student relation is like parent to children relation. Double-plannedness Students learn from instructions and environment. The bright decoration, the musical background, the shape of the chairs, and the personality of the teacher are as important as the materials. Intonation, rhythm, and concert pseudo-passiveness Varying the tone and rhythm makes the class less boring and makes it more meaningful. Pseudo passiveness refers to the relax attitude that is created with music background. Design: objectives, syllabus, learning activities, roles of the learner, teachers and materials. Objective: to deliver advanced conversational proficiency quickly. Students must learn lists of vocabulary pairs, and set goals for themselves. A suggestopedia course lasts 30days, and consists of 10 units. 4 hours a day, 6 times a week. Each unit consists of a dialogue of 1200 words or so, with a vocabulary list and a grammatical commentary. During the course there are 2 chances for simplification of the material. Students will be provided a chance to practice what learned in the middles of the course in a setting where they should use it, and the last day that there will be a participation of every student. They must prepare a role play using the vocabulary studied. Procedures I can use the language. I’m learning the language Language is reinforced with music / teacher actions Language is integrated into the SS’ personality using different activities (Repetition is avoided): Acting out portions of the text Singing songs/ playing games Telling stories Carrying out short conversations/ emotional role-plays Students do not do homework. They read the text before going to bed Neurolinguistic John Grindler and Richard Bandler created a set of training techniques and a philosophy in the mid1970s called Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP). They were really interested in the way people influence each other and in how a behavior could be duplicated. They thought of this method as a system of techniques therapists could use in building rapport with clients, gathering information about their internal and external views of the world, and helping them achieve goals and bring about personal change. (Richards and Rodgers, 125) This technique has also been used in other fields but education such as: sports training, marketing, management, etc. Approach Theory of language and learning This theory has no relation with linguistics itself, it refers to a theory of communication. It tries to explain verbal and nonverbal information. Learning effective behaviors is seen as an issue of learning. It is supposed to move from controlled stages to automatic processes. This approach worries about how people see the world through the five senses and how people picture it in their mind. Language is used not only in speech but also in thoughts. The programming part of this approach trains us to think, speak, and act in a new positive way in order to release our potential and reach our goals. Design: Principles 1- Outcomes: the goals or ends. NLP says if you know what you want it will be easier to get it. 2- Rapport: a factor that is essential for effective communication, maximizing similarities and minimizing differences among people at a nonconscious level 3- Sensory acuity: noticing what another person is communicating consciously and nonverbally. Using your senses, listen to, looking to, and feeling what is actually happening. 4- Flexibility: doing things differently if what you are doing is not working. Having a range of skills to do something else or something different. Keep changing what you do until you get what you want. NLP Presuppositions There are thirteen presuppositions that guide the application of NLP: 1- Mind and body are interconnected. They are part of the same system, they affect each other. 2- The map is not the territory: we all have different maps of the world. 3- There is no failure, only feedback†¦ and renewed opportunity for success. 4- The map becomes the territory, what you believe is true, either is true or becomes true. 5- Knowing what you want helps you get it. 6- The resources we need are within us. Communication is nonverbal as well as verbal. 8- The nonconscious mind is benevolent. 9- Communication nonconscious as well as conscious. 10- All behavior has a positive intention. 11- The meaning of my communication is the response I get. 12- Modeling excellent behavior leads to excellence. 13- In any system, the element with the greatest flexibility will have the most influence on that system. Conclusion These two chapte rs give totally different points of view of acquiring a language. Both of them mention techniques for improving concentration and acceleration more than linguistics itself. Approaches give very good explanations of why they work, anyhow teachers must know in deep the techniques in order to apply them in the classroom, and they need time and preparation. Teachers usually do not count with a lot of time with the students. And usually teachers do not have the necessary resources to develop them correctly. Bibliography Richards, Jack C, and Theodore S Rodgers. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, 2001. Print. 7